Improvement in the manufacture of carriage-axles



5 Sheets--Sheet 1. LUNES, C. VERNON & E. HOLDEN.

Manufacture of Garriage-Axlbs.

Patented Dec. 16,1873.

FIG-1]:

5Sheets--Sheet2. LONES, G. VERNON & E. HOLDEN. Manufacture of Carriage-Axles.

Patented Dec. 16,1873.

5Sheets--Sheet3. .l. G. 81.1. LUNES, G. VERNON & E. HOLDEN.

Manufacture of Carriage-Axles. No. 145,510, Patented Dec-16,1873.

Pic-V 5Sheets--Sheet4. .l. G. 81.]. LUNES, C. VERNON 81. E. HOLDEN.

Manufacture of Carriage-Axles. N0. 145,510. Patented-Dec.16,l873.

F'l o-V FIG Vi FIG-W Wm; $2.1m 2a lwnd, 2%?

' 5 Sh ets-*S heet5. 1. G. 8'. .l. LDNES, C. VERNON & E.'HOLDEN Manufacture of Carriage-Ax!es. No. 145,510. Patented Dec.16,1873.

ZI WZAMA, jam/m UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE.

JOSEPH C. LONES, JABEZ LONES, CHARLES VERNON, AND EDWARD HOLDEN, OF SMETHWICK, ENGLAND.

lMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRlAGE-AX-LE$.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 145,510, dated December 16, 1873 application filed October 2, 1873.

To all whom "it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOSEPH CONSTANT LONES,2H1C1 J ABEZ LoNEs, and CHARLES VER- NON, and EDWARD HOLDEN, all of Sinethwick, in the county of Stafford, England, axle-tree. manufacturers, have invented certain Improvements in the Manufacture of Axles for Carriages, and in machinery to be employed for that purpose, of which the following is a specification:

Our improvements in the manufacture of axles for carriages consist in making, in the manner hereinafter described, those parts of the said axles called the collars. The said collars consist of parts of larger diameter than the arin and bed, the central enlarged part be ing of greater diameter than the parts on either side of it. The central part is called the col-. lar, and the parts on either side of it are called the front and back collars.

In makingthe said collars according to our invention, we take a fagoted bar of iron and reduce the diameter on either end thereof, leaving near the arm end of the bar a part or F round of larger diameter, from which enla rged part or round the collars of the axle are made by compressing or upsetting the saidround. We prefer to efiect the compressing or upsetting of the round so as to make there from the central collar and the back and front collars by means of the shaping and finishing machinery hereinafter described; but other machinery may be used for that purpose. The reduction of the diameter of the bar for the purpose of leaving the round or enlarged part described may be effected by hand or by machinery.

The machinery, constructed according to our invent-ion, for shaping the round on the bar, and forming therefrom the collars of the axle, is constructed and worked in the following manner: I

The said machinery consists, essentially, of two dies or tools, between which the round on the axle is compressed or upset, the axes of the said dies being coincident. One of these dies or tools is made in two parts, and constitutes a holding-die, by which the partly-made axle is held, the said die also serving to fashion the back collar of the axle. The said holding-die is carried in a die-box, having a sliding motion on the bed of the machine, the motion of the said die-box and die being effected by screwboxes. The screws working in the said screw boxes are driven by a train of toothed wheels from a hand-wheel. The other die or tool is of a cylindrical figure, and receives the arm of the axle, the front part of the cavity in the said die having the figure of the front collar of the axle. The said cylindrical die slides in guides on the bed of the machine, and is driven forward by a lever, acted upon by a cam on the fly-wheel shaft of the machine. By the operation of the said lever and cam a series of blows is given to the cylindrical die, so as to compress the round on the axle between it and the holding-die.

The action of the machine is as follows: The partly-made axle being placed in the machine, the holding-die is advanced by turning the hand-wheel, so as to force the said die against the round on the axle, the said round being situated between the said dieand the cylindrical or compressing die. By the advance of the said cylindrical or compressingdie, effected by the lever and cam described, the round on the axle is compressed or upset between it and the other die. After each blow of the compressing-die the workman, operating on the band-lever, slides forward the holdingdie, and thus brings the round on it nearer to the compressing-die. By the percussive action of the compressing-die, and the sliding motion of the other die, the round on the axle is gradually compressed or beaten up between the two dies, and the central collar, as well as the back and front collars, formed from the said round or enlarged part.

The roughly-formed central collar thus made is finished by means of machinery, constructed according to our invention, consisting of three rolls-a large upper roll, and two smaller bottom rolls. The upper roll is grooved to receive the central collar on the axle, the said axle during the finishing operation being driven by the said upper roll. The lower rolls consist of loose rollers in grooves, in which the central collar takes. The bearings of the lower rolls are supported in a lever worked by a handlever, by means of which hand-lever the reqni site pressure can be given to raise the lower rolls to the upper rolls. The axle being placed in the lower rolls, they are raised to the upper roll, so as to cause the central collar on the axle to engage in the groove in the upper roll. By the rotation of the said upper roll the axle is rotated, and the central collar shaped and perfected by the operation of the lower rolls.

Having explained thenature of our invention,-we will proceed to describe, with reference to the accom )anying drawings, the manner in which the same is to be performed.

Figure 1 represents in elevation a partlymade axle, provided with a round or enlarged part, from which the collars are to be made; and Fig. 2 represents the axle after the collars have been fashioned from the said round or enlarged part. In Fi 1 the round or enlarged part is marked a, the said round being situated between the arm I) and bed 0 of the axle. The said round a is made by taking a fagoted bar of iron, of the diameter of the said round, and reducing either end of the said bar so as to leave the said round a. The reduction of the iron may be eflected in various ways. By subjecting the round or enlarged part a on the bar to a compressing or upsetting action, the said round is converted into the central collar d, back collar 0, and front collar f, as illustrated in Fig. 2.

The machinery which we prefer to use for compressing or upsetting the round a so as to make therefrom the central, and back, and front collars d e f, and also for finishing the roughly-formed central collar cl, is represented in the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 3 represents a side elevation, Fig. l a longitudinal vertical section, and Fig. 5 a plan, of the shaping part of the machinery; and Fig. 5 a plan of the rolling or finishing part of the machinery. Fig. 6 is an end elevation of the shaping part of the machinery. Fig 6 represents in side elevation, and Fig. 7 in end elevation, the rolling or finishing part of the machinery. Figs. 8, 9, l0, and 11 are detached views of the dies of the shapingmachine drawn to a larger scale.

The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of the draw- 1n gs.

g h is the holding-die, and i is the cylindrical or compressing die, of the machine, between which dies, g h and 2', the round a on the axle is compressed or upset. The holdingdie g h is made in two parts or halves. The shape of the holding-die g h is best seen in the separate views, Figs. 9, 10, and 11, Fig. 9 representing in front elevation the two halves g h of the die brought together for use; Fig. 10, upper half h of the die'detached; and Fig. 11, a plan and section of the lower half g detached. The upper half h of the holding-die is provided with a handle, W, for placing it on or lifting it from the lower half g of the die, the said upper halt 71 being engaged with the lower half 1 by studs at I. k entering corresponding recesses in the upper half /I. The bottom of the lower half-die g is inclined, and the sides h of the upper half-die h are also inclined, the said holding-die g h are raised into the die-box m and held therein, in the manner hereinafter described.

The compressing-diet is represented in crosssection and side elevation, drawn to a larger scale, in Fig. 8. The said compressing-diet" has, internally, the figure proper to receive the arm I) of the axle, and to receive and shape the front collar f of the axle. The com.- pressing-die 2' works upon a dovetail seat or guide, 12, on the bed of the machine.

Motion is. given to the die-box m, contain ing the holding-die g h, by screw-boxes q q, actuated by the screws 1' r, the said screws having only a rotatory motion. The said screws 1' 1', working in the screw-boxes q q, are driven by the train of toothed wheels represented from the hand-wheel s-that is to say, on the axis of the hand-wheel s is a pinion, t, which gears with the toothed wheels u u, and the latter with the toothed wheels 10 w, on the axes of the screws 1' 0". (See Fi 6.) By turning the said hand-wheel s, the diebox m (carrying the holding-dies g 71.) can be advanced toward the cylindrical or compressing die i. The compressing-die iis driven forward by the lever .00 w", turning on the center 90 the longer arm 03 of the said lever being acted upon by the cam y (see Fig. 3) on the fly-wheel shaft 2. The arm 00 of the lever 00 w is raised, so as to be out of action of the cam y, by the coiled spring 1. The part as of the compressing-lever .r 01; does not act directly upon the cylindrical or compressing die i,- but through the breaker or separate piece 2, which is interposed between the said compressing-die and the lever. The shape of the breaker 2 is best seen in Figs. 3 and 5. The holding-die g h is lifted into the die-box m, and held therein by the hand-lever 3 3.

The action of the machine is as follows: In the drawing, the machine is represented in position for receiving the partly-made axle, Fig. l. The end of the machine is open at N, and through the said open end the axle, Fig. 1, 'is introduced, the arm I) of the axle being passed through the die-box m, and made to take into the cylindrical or compressing die 1?, the bed 0 of the axle seating itself on the lower half 9 of the holding-die g h. The upper half h of the holding-die is next placed upon the lower half g, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 3, and the holding-die g h is now raised into the die-box. m by means of the forked arm 3 of the hand-lever 3 3", the inclined bottom 9 of the 7 lower half-die g traveling up the inclined bottom of the die-box m, and the inclined sides h of the upper half-die h abutting against the inclined top of the said die-box m. The axle being thus held in the machine, the handwheel 8 is turned by one workman, while the holding-lever 3 3 is held by another. By the motion of the hand-wheel s the screw-boxes q q are made to bear against the die-box m and advance the said box and the dies therein and cause the round-a on the axle held in the said dies to bear against the end of the compressin g-die i and push back the said die 2', By thisbackward movement of the compressingdie 2', the breaker 2 acts upon the pait a of the lever a; 00 and causes the depression of the longer arm 00 of the said lever. The arm a,- of the lever is now brought within the range of action of the cam 1, which cam lifts the said arm a), and through the breaker 2 advances the compressing-die i. The round a on the axle is thereby compressed between the said compressing-die i and the dies 9 h in the die-box m. After each blow of the compressing-die 'i, the workman operating on the handlever s slides forward the holding-die g h, and thereby brings the round a on the axle nearer to the compressing-die 2'. Thus, by the percussive action of the die -i and the sliding motion of the holding-die g h, the round on the axle is gradually compressed or beaten up between the said two dies, and the central collar (1, as well as the back and front collars ef, formed from the said round, as illustrated in Fig. 2.

By an examination of the drawings it will be seen that while the central collar dis being compressed between the two dies '5 and g h the back collar 0 is being shaped or fashioned in the front recess 1 of the holdin g-die g h, and the front collarf is being compressed in the recess 1' of the compressing-die '1' After the collars of the axle have been thus roughly shaped the pressure of the screw-boxes q q on the die-box m is relaxed, and the lever 3 3' being no longer held by the workman, the parts assume the positions represented in Fig. 4, the die 9 h sliding out of the die-box m. The fashioned axle may now be removed from the machine and another partly-made axle of the form represented in Fig. 1 substituted therefor, which is subjected to the action of the machine in the manner hereinbefore described.

The roughly -formed central collar thus made is finished by the rolling machinery at the end of the fly-wheel shaft. This finishin g machinery is represented in Figs. 5 6, and 7.

The said rolling machinery consists of an upper roll, 4., on the fiy-wheel shaft 2, the

said roll being grooved to receive the central collard of the axle, and of two loose shaping-rollers, 5 5, below the said roll at. The loose rollers 5 5 turn on the fixed axles of spindles 6 6 carried by the lever 7 7 turning -on the center 8.

Each roller 5 has a groove corresponding with the groove in the upper roll 4.

The lever 7 carrying the loose rollers 5 5 is raised to the upper roll 4 by the hand-lever 10.

11 is a support for the axle during the rolling operation.

In finishing the central collar (1 by means of the rolling machinery represented, the axle is placed between the lower loose rollers 5 5,

the central collar d being engaged in the grooves of the said rollers. By now depressing the hand-lever 10 the rollers 5 5 and axle are raised to the upper roll 4 and the central. collar in the axle made to engage in the groove in the said upper roll 4, as illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7. The end of the axle is supported by the support 11.

By the rotation of the upper roll 4 the axle is rotated and the central collar d shaped and perfected by the operation of the lower rollers 5 5.

Although we have represented the compressing or upsetting mechanism and the rolling or finishing mechanism combined in one machine, yet the said rolling or finishing mechanism maybe detached from the com pressing or upsetting mechanism.

Having now described the nature of our invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be under- 7 stood that we do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of our invention; but

\Ve claim as our invention- 1. The improvements in the manufacture of axles for carriages, such as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings-that is to say, making the collars of said axles by taking a fagotcd bar of iron and reducing the diameter of either end thereof, so as to leave near the arm end of the bar a part or round of larger diameter, then increasing the diameter and reducing the longitudinal extent of the said round by upsetting it to partially form the collars, and then finishing the same by rolling, substantially as described and illustrated.

2. The improvements in machinery for compressing or upscttin g a round or enlarged part on the axle to form the collars of the axle,

hereinbefore described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawingsthat is to say, the combination of the holding-die g h and diebox m with the cylindrical or compressing die t, the said dies g h and i and die-box m being constructed, arranged, and worked substantially as described and illustrated.

JOSEPH CONSTANT LONES. JABEZ LONES.

CHARLES VERNON. EDVABD HOLDEN.

\Vitnesscs GEORGE SHAW, RICHARD Sxnnnnrr,

Of 37 Temple street, B'i'rminglm-m. 

